Wang Hong, Li Changzhi, Zhang Weijun, Jiang Xiaoming

Keywords： Stormwater Management; Natural Space; Integrated Watershed Management; Sustainable Urban Development

Abstract：

??Based on the basic principle of hydrology, this paper describes natural stormwater management measures including rivers, lakes, wetlands, grasslands, woodlands, etc. The hydrological, hydraulic and ecological characteristics of these measures are classified; unique functions in regulating stormwater, protecting natural environment and supporting biodiversity are identified; the protecting, planning and utilizing methodologies are introduced. Furthermore, the integration of various natural and constructed stormwater management measures is discussed and the framework for the planning of urban natural stormwater infrastructures at watershed levels is outlined. Profiting from lessons and experiences of western developed countries in the process of urbanization, this study proposes that planning a stormwater infrastructure system which best mimic the natural hydrologic conditions should be the first step for the planning and developing of urban environment.

??

Funds：

• ??[1] Marsalek J, Jimenez-Cisneros B, Karamouz M, Malmquist P-A, Goldenfum J,

  Chocat B. Urban Water Cycle Processes and Interactions[M]. Leiden, The

  Netherlands: Taylor & Francis, 2008.

  [2] Novotny V, Brown P. Eds. Cities of the Future[M]. London: IWA Publishing,

  2007.

  [3] U.S. EPA. Low Impact Development (LID): A Literature Review[R]. EPA-

  841-B-00-005, Office of Water, Washington, D C, 2000.

  [4] Stephens K A, Graham P, Reid D. Stormwater Planning: A Guidebook for

  British Columbia[R]. British Columbia Ministry of Water, Land and Air

  Protection, Victoria, B.C. Taleban V, Finney K, Gharabaghi. 2002.

  [5] U.S. Department of Defense. Unified Facilities Criteria: Low Impact

  Development[R]. UFC 3-210-10, 25 October 2004.

  [6] Melbourne Water. Water Sensitive Urban Design[EB/OL].(2012-03-15)

  [2014-09-19]. http://www.wsud.melbournewater.com.au/.

  [7] Hoyer Jacqueline, et al. Water Sensitive Urban Design - Principles and

  Inspiration for Sustainable Stormwater Management in the City of the

  Future[M]. Berlin: Jovis Publishing Co., 2011.

  [8] D’Arcy B J, Ellis J B, Ferrier R C, Jenkins A, Dils R. Diffuse Pollution

  Impacts: The Environmental and Economics Impacts of Diffuse

  Pollution in the UK. Chartered Institute of Water and Environmental

  Management[M], Lavenham: Terence Dalton Publishers, 2000.

  [9] CIRIA, SUDS: Sustainable drainage systems: promoting good practice- a

  CIRIA initiative[EB/OL]. (2005-06-18)[2014-09-22]. http://www.ciria.org/

  suds/background.htm.

  [10] Arizona State University. Urbanization Reconfigures Surface Hydrology.

  ScienceDaily. (2008-09-09)[2014-09-18].www.sciencedaily.com/releases/

  2008/09/080903134327.htm.

  [11] Rahaman M, Varis O. Integrated Water Resources Management: Evolution,

  Prospects, and Future Challenges[J]. Sustainability Science Practice &

  Policy. 2005: 1(1):15.

  [12] U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The Convention on Wetlands of International

  Importance[R]. (2012-06-18)[2014-09-19]. http://www.fws.gov/

  international/pdf/factsheet-ramsar.pdf.

  [13] Federal Interagency Floodplain Management Task Force. A Unified

  National Program for Flood-plain Management[R]. FEMA-248. Washington,

  D C: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1994.

  ??