Community resilience assessment is a critical premise in improving communities’ ability to respond to public health emergencies, and it is necessary to incorporate multi-scale correlations between the community and the external environment into resilience evaluation. Based on the international experience of community resilience research under public health risks, this paper provides a paradigm for community resilience evaluation in cities from the perspective of external linkages, which elaborates on the meaning of community resilience in terms of the community itself and external aspects, proposes five dimensions of community resilience: economic, social, facilities, space, and governance, and three spatial scales: community, living circle, and city, and then chooses the corresponding quantitative indicators. Based on this, resilience assessment and correlation characteristics research of urban communities are conducted, using the central district of Wuhan City as an example. As a result, four categories of connections for community resilience are found: balanced development, external dependence, self-led, and weak integration. For each resilience characteristic and community type, improvement measures are then suggested. This study is expected to provide useful exploration for theoretical research and practical application of resilience in terms of community resilience assessment methods and external association characteristics.