魏德辉 谌丽 杨翌朝

Wei Dehui, Chen Li, Yang Yizhao

关键词：宜居城市；精明增长；城市增长边界；波特兰；经验启示

Keywords：Livable City; Smart Growth; Urban Growth Boundaries; Portland; Experience and Implications

摘要：

??本文深入剖析美国“精明增长”先锋城市——波特兰的城市规划建设经验，为我国遏制城市蔓延问题和建设宜居城市提供借鉴。在精明增长理念下，波特兰制定了严格的城市增长边界来控制城市向外蔓延，同时在城市增长边界内提高建筑密度，并采取增加绿色环境和公共空间、大力推行公交和慢行系统、提高服务设施可达性等措施来缓解高密度带来的负面影响，城市规划具有系统性和综合性。这些措施之所以能够实施，得益于波特兰上下结合的规划制度体系。法律赋予波特兰都会区政府合法和坚实的执行权力，借助州、区域、地方自上而下的规划体系，同时获益于城市自下而上的公共参与和监督的传统。此外，波特兰还十分注重在规划中引入地理信息系统等先进技术。最后，本文探讨了波特兰的城市规划经验对中国宜居城市建设的借鉴和启示。

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Abstract：

??This paper describes planning/development experiences for achieving a livable city from the Portland Metropolitan Region, the so-called capital city of “Smart Growth” in the U.S., with a goal to provide policy recommendations for Chinese cities. Since the late 1970s the Portland region has established strict Urban Growth Boundaries (UGBs) to curb urban sprawl while making great efforts to increase development densities inside the UGBs; in the meantime, it has also adopted a series of measures to mitigate the negative externalities of high densities by increasing green space and public space, promoting transit and non-motorized transportation system, as well as improving services accessibility. The effectiveness and success of these systematic and comprehensive planning measures have been ensured with Oregon’s centralized planning system, Portland Metro government’s regional planning authority, a very strong tradition of public participation in the state, as well as the use of sophisticated planning support systems and evidencebased decision-making processes. The paper concludes with suggestions on how Chinese cities can learn from Portland to build more livable cities.??

??魏德辉，美国俄勒冈大学城市规划与公共管理系研究助理教授

谌丽，北京联合大学应用文理学院城市科学系讲师

杨翌朝，美国俄勒冈大学城市规划与公共管理系副教授

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