田美玲 方世明 冀秀娟

Tian Meiling, Fang Shiming, Ji Xiujuan

关键词：国家公园；概念界定；设置标准；开发与保护

Keywords：National Park; Concept Definition; Set Up Standard; Development and Protection

摘要：

国家公园是保护自然资源的重要形式，也是为人类提供自然游憩和科普教育的重要场所。目前国外对国家公园的研究已较为成熟，而国内对于国家公园的概念界定以及设置标准尚不明确，从而严重阻碍了国家公园模式在国内的发展与应用。因此，本文主要针对国家公园的概念界定、设置标准、开发与保护进行系统梳理。通过分析发现，国内关于国家公园的概念界定尚未达成一致，设置标准的具体论述也较少而且较为宏观，资源开发与保护的矛盾较为突出但缺乏真正具备可操作性的解决方案。最后，结合中国国情展开讨论，认为中国国家公园应当是由国家主导的保护地，以保护具有重要价值的自然资源与文化遗产为宗旨，在一定范围内为公众提供科普教育与文化娱乐的场所；在标准设置方面应借助行政力量，注重各类标签地之间的协调关系；在开发与保护方面应积极开展国家公园试点工作，实施资源分级保护，加强国家财政支持。

Abstract：

National Park is an important way of protecting natural resources, also is an important place of providing human with natural recreation and popular science education. At present， the overseas research on National Park is relatively mature, but the domestic concept and standard of National Park is unclear, which seriously hindered the development and application of National Park mode in China. Therefore, the paper makes systematical review of concept definition, set up standard, development and protection of National Park. It is found that, domestic scholars have yet agree on the concept definition of National Park; the specific discussion of set up standard is less and more macroscopic; the contradiction between resource development and protection is more prominent, but it lacks a real strong operability solution. In the end, the paper makes a discussion combined with China’s national conditions. National Park of China should be the protected area dominated by the state. The aim of National Park is protecting the valuable natural resources and cultural heritage, and providing public science popularization education and cultural recreation within limits. The standard setting of National Park should use administrative power, and harmonize the relationship between all kinds of labels. In terms of development and protection, National Park pilot work should be carried out actively, it is necessary to classify protect resources and strengthen national financial support.

田美玲，博士，湖北文理学院管理学院，讲师。tmlhrj@163.com
方世明（通信作者），博士，中国地质大学（武汉）公共管理学院，教授。63691729@qq.com
冀秀娟，山西省寿阳县第一中学，教师。115502175@qq.com

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