保罗· 科利尔 迈克尔· 布莱克 特沃德罗斯· 加布雷沃尔德 普里亚· 曼纳林

Paul Collier, Michael Blake, Tewodros Gebrewolde, Priya Manwaring

关键词：经济特区；产业园区；工业化；营商便利度；贸易便利化

Keywords：Special Economic Zones; Industrial Parks; Industrialisation; Ease of Business; Trade Facilitation

摘要：

为了促进制造业发展并减少对初级商品的依赖，许多非洲国家正在试图促进经济特区的发展，这些经济特区能够通过集聚企业、吸引外国直接投资并促进出口进而提高生产率。但经济特区能否成功取决于地方政府是否能构建一个有利的政策环境。传统的政策大多针对基础设施和税收优惠两个方面，然而，有一些更加低成本且易操作的改革政策能够通过营商便利化对经济特区的成功产生巨大的影响。没有上述政策，经济特区最终将沦为一个昂贵的“负担”。本文旨在说明贸易便利化政策在促进非洲经济特区发展过程中所发挥的至关重要的作用。

Abstract：

In order to boost manufacturing and reduce reliance on primary commodities, many African countries are looking towards Special Economic Zones. These zones can raise productivity by clustering firms, attracting foreign direct investment (FDI), and boosting exports. But to be successful, special economic zones (SEZs) depend on a helpful policy environment. The conventional focus of policy has been on infrastructure and tax incentives, but other reforms that make business easier can have a big impact while being cheap and simple. Without them, a SEZ would end up being an expensive ‘white elephant’. We show that (within ease of business policies) trade facilitation policies can be particularly valuable.

作者： 保罗·科利尔（ 通信作者），牛津大学布拉瓦特尼克政府学院教授

迈克尔· 布莱克，牛津大学布拉瓦特尼克政府学院国际增长中心研究员

特沃德罗斯· 加布雷沃尔德，牛津大学布拉瓦特尼克政府学院国际增

长中心研究员

普里亚· 曼纳林，牛津大学布拉瓦特尼克政府学院国际增长中心研究员

译者： 徐嘉勃，东南大学建筑学院博士研究生，牛津大学非洲研究中心联合

培养博士研究生

校译： 李迎成，博士，麻省理工学院城市研究与规划系博士后研究员。

lych@mit.edu

• [1] SUTTON J, JINHAGE A, LEAPE J, et al. Harnessing FDI for job creation

  and industrialisation in Africa [R/OL]. (2016). https://www.theigc.org/

  publication/growth-brief-harnessing-fdi-for-job-creation-and-industrialisationin-

  africa/.

  [2] REN Lu. Building engines for growth and competitiveness in China:

  experience with special economic zones and industrial clusters[J]. World

  Bank Publications, 2011, 45(9): 1292-1293.

  [3] LU Y, WANG J, ZHU L. Do place-based policies work? micro-level evidence

  from China’s economic zone program[J]. Social Science Electronic

  Publishing, 2015.

  [4] FAROLE T, WINKLER D, BANK W. Making foreign direct investment

  work for Sub-Saharan Africa: local spillovers and competitiveness in global

  value chains[J]. Deborah Winkler, 2014.

  [5] JAVORCIK Beata Smarzynska. Does foreign direct investment increase the

  productivity of domestic firms? In search of spillovers through backward

  linkages[J]. The American Economic Review, 2004, 94(3): 605-627.

  [6] KRUGMAN Paul R. Increasing returns, monopolistic competition, and

  international trade[J]. Journal of International Economics, 1979, 9(4): 469-

  479.

  [7] LOECKER J D. Detecting learning by exporting[J]. American Economic

  Journal Microeconomics, 2013, 5(3):1-21.

  [8] MALLICK S, YANG Y. Productivity performance of export market entry

  and exit: evidence from Indian firms[J]. Review of International Economics,

  2013, 21(4): 809-824.

  [9] AGGARWAL A. Special economic zones: revisiting the policy debate[J].

  Economic & Political Weekly, 2006, 41(43/44): 4533-4536.

  [10] FAROLE T. Special economic zones in Africa: comparing performance and

  learning from global experience[R]. Washington DC: World Bank, 2009.

  [11] STEIN H. Africa, industrial policy and export processing zones: lessons from

  Asia[M] // NOMAN A. Good growth and governance in Africa: rethinking

  development strategies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

  [12] ALTBEKER A, MCKEOWN K, BERNSTEIN A. Special economic zones:

  lessons for South Africa from international evidence and local experience[R].

  Centre for Development and Enterprise, 2012.

  [13] KEE Hiau Looi, NICITA Alessandro, OLARREAGA Marcelo. Estimating

  trade restrictiveness indices[J]. The Economic Journal, 2009, 119(534): 172-

  199.

  [14] United Nations Development Programme. If Africa builds nests, will the

  birds come? comparative study on special economic zones in Africa and

  China[R/OL]. (2015). http://www.cn.undp.org/content/dam/china/docs/

  Publications/UNDP-CH-Comparative%20Study%20on%20SEZs%20

  in%20Africa%20and%20China%20-%20ENG.pdf.

  [15] LEE K Y. From Third World to First: the Singapore story, 1965-2000:

  Singapore and the Asian economic boom[M]. HarperCollins Publishers, 2000.

  [16] World Bank. Doing business 2017: equal opportunity for all[R/OL].

  (2017). http://www.doingbusiness.org/~/media/WBG/DoingBusiness/

  Documents/Annual-Reports/English/DB17-Report.pdf.

  [17] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The costs and

  benefits of trade facilitation[R/OL]. (2012). http://www.oecd.org/trade/

  facilitation/35459690.pdf.

  [18] ARVIS J, SASLAVSKY D, OJALA L, et al. Connecting to compete 2014:

  trade logistics in the global economy--the logistics performance index and

  its indicators[R/OL]. (2014). https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/

  handle/10986/20399.

  [19] FREUND C, ROCHA N. What constrains Africa’s exports?[M]. Social

  Science Electronic Publishing, 2011: 1-26.

  [20] MILNER C, MORRISSEY O, ZGOVU E. Trade facilitation in developing

  countries[R/OL]. (2008). https://www.econstor.eu/handle/10419/65454.

  [21] WILSON J S, SOLOAGA I, MEJIA A. Moving forward faster: trade

  facilitation reform and Mexican competitiveness[M]. Social Science

  Electronic Publishing, 2006: 1-31(31).

  [22] GATHANI S, SANTINI M, STOELINGA D. Innovative techniques to

  evaluate the impact of private sector development reforms: an application to

  Rwanda and 11 other countries[C]. Mimeo: the MPSA Annual Conference,

  2013.

  [23] HARDING T, JAVORCIK B S. Roll out the red carpet and they will

  come: investment promotion and FDI inflows[J]. Economic Journal, 2011,

  121(557): 1445-1476.

  [24] SEN R, LOGAN S. Maximising the impact of FDI on domestic industrial

  capabilities and job creation[R/OL]. (2016). https://www.theigc.org/

  publication/maximising-the-impact-of-fdi-on-domestic-industrial-capabilitiesand-

  job-creation/.

  [25] PEREZ-SALAS G, AZHAR J, GORDON W. The potential of Aid for

  Trade to improve the infrastructure and logistics performance of landlocked

  developing countries of Latin America[R]. Technical Report, 2014.

  
  

• 收起