杜伊 金云峰

Du Yi, Jin Yunfeng

关键词：城市更新；公共开放空间；底线控制；精细化；规划方法

Keywords：Urban Renewal; Public Open Space; Bottom Control; Refinement; Planning Methods

摘要：

提升城市休闲功能是城市更新的研究内容之一。公共开放空间作为城市休闲功能的主要载体，其规划如何引导城市生活空间良性发展值得关注。首先，对中美公共开放空间及规划概念作相关阐述；以美国为例，概述美国公共开放空间规划历史及代表性方法；从人口统计数据的运用、总体规划框架下的发展、游憩学研究的支撑以及与空间分析技术的结合等四个方面讨论规划演变的背景与思想，并且从规划应用、规划内容以及规划数据分别探讨“底限控制”与精细化的特征；最后从价值、指标、方法等方面反思对我国公共开放空间规划的启示。

Abstract：

The promotion of urban recreation function is one of the research contents of urban renewal. As a main carrier of urban recreation function, public open space should emphasizes how its planning guides the healthy development of urban living space. First of all, the concepts of public open space and planning in China and the United States are elaborated. By taking the United States as an example, the history and representative methods of public open space are summarized. After that, the background and ideas of planning evolution are analyzed respectively from four aspects, including the application of demographic data, development under the overall planning framework, recreation research support and the combination with the spatial analysis technology. At the meantime, the “bottom control” and “refined” features are discussed from planning applications, planning content and planning data. Lastly, from the value, index and method, reflection and enlightenment for public open space and the planning in China were concluded.

杜伊，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学博士研究生，美国北卡来罗纳州立大学联合培养博士研究生。evadu0920@sina.com
金云峰（通信作者），同济大学建筑与城市规划学院景观学系副系主任，教授，博士生导师；上海同济城市规划设计研究院注册规划师；同济大学建筑设计研究院（集团）有限公司一级注册建筑师。jinyf79@163.com

• [1] 上海市城市总体规划编制工作领导小组办公室. 上海市城市总体规划(2015-2040) 纲要概要[R]. 2015.
  [2] KOOHSARI M J, MAVOA S, VILLANUEVA K, et al. Public open space, physical activity, urban design and public health: concepts, methods and research agenda[J]. Health & Place, 2015, 33: 75-82.
  [3] 杨晓春, 司马晓, 洪涛. 城市公共开放空间系统规划方法初探——以深圳为例[J]. 规划师, 2008(6): 24-27.
  [4] 杨晓春, 王金波. 就业密集区公共开放空间人均指标配置方法[J]. 规划师, 2015(1): 123-127.
  [5] VILLANUEVA K, BADLAND H, HOOPER P, et al. Developing indicators of public open space to promote health and wellbeing in communities[J]. Applied Geography, 2015, 57: 112-119.
  [6] ALEXANDER C. A pattern language[M]. New York: Oxford University Press, 1977.
  [7] National Heart Foundation of Australia. Healthy Active by Design: Public Open Space[EB/OL]. (2014-05-30)[2015-05-07]. http://www.healthyactivebydesign.com.au/design-features/public-open-space.
  [8] 杜伊, 金云峰. 城市公共开放空间规划编制[J]. 住宅科技, 2017(2): 8-14.
  [9] JAMES D. MERTES J R H C. Park, recreation, open space and greenwayguidelines[M]. Arlington, Va.: Recreation and Park Association, 1995.
  [10] BUECHNER R D. National park recreation and open space standards[M]. Washington: National Recreation and Park Association, 1971.
  [11] LANCASTER R A. Recreation, park and open space standards and guidelines[M]. Alexandria, Va.: National Recreation and Park Association, 1983.
  [12] 马劲武. 地理设计的发展与意义[J]. 中国园林, 2014(10): 9-11.
  [13] Greenplay-geowest-design concepts-appendix iv-grasp history and methodology[EB/OL]. [2017-07-06]. http://www.ashevillenc.gov/civicax/filebank/blobdload.aspx?BlobID=23491.
  [14] 方家, 吴承照. 美国城市开放空间规划方法的研究进展探析[J]. 中国园林, 2012(11): 62-67.
  [15] VEAL A J. Open space planning standards in Australia: in search of origins[J]. Australian Planner, 2013, 50(3): 224-232.
  [16] LAYTON R. The relationship between characteristics of public greenspace and opinions of service[D]. Raleigh: North Carolina State University, 2016.

• 收起