王侠 焦健

Wang Xia, Jiao Jian

关键词：建成环境；通学出行；研究综述

Keywords：Built Environment; School Travel Behavior; Review

摘要：

城市蔓延以及“以车为本”的城市建设模式与场所设计，使得儿童通学出行距离加大，私家车通学出行比率不断增加，不仅增加了城市交通压力，也影响了儿童体力活动以及家庭生活品质等。国外在1980年代开始研究通学出行与建成环境之间的影响关系，国内近年开始关注并展开相关研究。本文梳理了目前基于通学出行的建成环境研究成果,以期为未来研究提供研究基础。首先，社会生态模型可以更好地解释建成环境与通学出行的相互影响关系；其次，影响通学出行的建成环境研究空间单元是社区尺度的，建成环境因子测度可以分为主观感知与客观要素两方面；然后，结合我国规划体系，对影响通学出行的建成环境影响因子从土地、交通、设计、学校四方面进行了梳理；最后介绍了该研究的应用。

Abstract：

Children’s school travel behavior from walking to private cars has not only increased urban traffic pressure, but also lead to childhood obesity and individual independence and other issues. The studies of children’s school travel behavior and its relationship with built environment began in 1980s abroad; however, it was not until most recently that relevant research has attracted attention in China. This paper reviews the literature of built environment based on children’s school travel behavior so as to provide a reference as well as a foundation for future research. Main conclusions of this paper are as follows. Firstly, social ecology model could offer better explanations about the interactions between built environment and school travel behavior. Secondly, built environment is often measured at the community level, and environment factors influencing the decisions on school travel behavior consist of two aspects, i.e., objective aspect and subjective (perceived) aspect. Thirdly, this current research classifies various factors influencing the built environment into four categories that land use, transportation, design and school. Lastly, the application of this research is introduced.

王侠（通信作者），博士研究生，西安建筑科技大学建筑学院，副教授。350021859@qq.com
焦健，同济大学建筑与城市规划学院，博士研究生

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