吴丹贤 高晓路

Wu Danxian, Gao Xiaolu

关键词：失能老人；长期照护；未满足需求；空间资源链接；使能环境； 老年友好型社区；决策树分析

Keywords：Disabled Elderly; Long-term Care; Unmet Need; Linkage to Spatial Resources; Enabling Environment; Age-friendly Community; Decision Tree Analysis

摘要：

在全球老龄化进程中，照护需求难以被充分满足已成为居家失能老人面临的普遍性难题。对于活动能力受到严重制约的失能老人，空间因素会对其照护需求的满足产生重要影响，而这一点在国内外研究中尚未得到足够重视。基于空间资源链接的视角，本文分析了居家失能老人照护需求的满足状况并探讨了未满足需求的影响因素。研究结果表明，无论是个人照护还是生活照料，失能老人的照护需求满足程度远低于自理老人；家庭资源、社会资源和空间资源等使能因素均对其照护需求的充分满足发挥重要作用；相比资源存量，空间资源的有效链接才是提高需求满意度的关键。本文建议通过营造“使能环境”，促进老年友好型社区的建设，优化居家老人的照护服务组织。本文“空间资源链接”的分析视角可较好地补充与完善已有理论，同时为全球老龄化议题提供中国的案例研究。

Abstract：

In the process of global ageing, unmet care needs of disabled elderly has become a universal problem. For the disabled elderly with severely restricted mobility, spatial factors have an important impact on their satisfaction on the care needs, which has not got full attention in researches worldwide. From the perspective of linkage to spatial resources, this paper analyzes the unmet care needs of community-dwelling disabled elderly and explores the influencing factors. Firstly, it finds that unmet care needs of the disabled elderly are much more than the independent ones. Secondly, influencing factors includes family resources, social resources and space resources, which play important roles in satisfaction on care needs. Effective linkage to spatial resources is the key to reducing unmet needs. Therefore, it suggests creating enabling environment for the construction of future age-friendly community and better planning of care-provider organizations in China. The analysis perspective of linkage to spatial resources in this paper will enhance the traditional theories and enrich Chinese case studies for global ageing issue.

吴丹贤，中国科学院大学，中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，博士研究生。wudanxian15@mails.ucas.ac.cn

高晓路（通信作者），中国科学院大学，中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，研究员，博士生导师。gaoxl@igsnrr.ac.cn

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