孙澄 解文龙

Sun Cheng, Xie Wenlong

关键词：城市韧性；韧性评价；规划政策评估；规划协同；国土空间规划；多规合一

Keywords：Urban Resilience; Resilience Assessment; Planning Policies Assessment; Plan Integration; Spatial Planning; Multiple-plan Integration

摘要：

韧性理念与规划体系的结合在降低城市脆弱性和缓解多元灾害影响中发挥着越来越重要的作用。不同于以往难以在空间层面进行应用的韧性评价方法，“规划协同的韧性计分卡评价方法”是第一个在韧性理论引导下对规划政策进行空间化和协同化评估的方法，能够评估和监测规划政策与灾害脆弱性降低的协同进展情况，从规划引领的角度自上而下地提升城市韧性。为此，本文在解析规划体系对城市韧性和灾害脆弱性影响的基础上，对规划协同的韧性计分卡评价方法的发展历程、核心操作流程和评价结果分析方式进行剖析，并结合美国北卡罗来纳州华盛顿市的应用案例进行分析论述，进而从应用价值和应用路径两个方面探讨该方法对我国新时代国土空间规划编制的启示，以期为韧性理论在市级国土空间总体规划中的应用提供借鉴。

Abstract：

The combination of resilience concept and planning system plays an increasingly important role in reducing the vulnerability of the city and mitigating the impacts from disaster. Different from other methods that cannot be applied in the spatial planning, ‘Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard’ is the first method to spatially evaluate networks of planning policies based on resilience theories. It can monitor the progress of collaborative reduction of hazard vulnerability of planning policies, and improve urban resilience from top to bottom. Therefore, after analysing the impacts of planning system on urban resilience and hazard vulnerability, this paper systematically summarizes the development stages, operation procedures and scores analysis ways of ‘Plan Integration for Resilience Scorecard’, and takes Washington of North Carolina in the United States as an example to discuss its application. Then it also discusses the application approaches and prospects in spatial plan making, with a view to providing inspiration for the application of resilience concept in China’s municipal territorial spatial planning in the new era.

孙澄，哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院，寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室，教授，博士生导师。suncheng@hit.edu.cn

解文龙（通信作者），哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院、美国宾夕法尼亚大学设计学院联合培养博士研究生，寒地城乡人居环境科学与技术工业和信息化部重点实验室。wenlongtse@126.com

• [1] REINSURANCE M. Topics geo: natural catastrophes 2017[J]. Gotteswinter und Aumaier GmbH, 2018: 53.

  [2] BOZZA A, ASPRONE D, FABBROCINO F. Urban resilience: a civil engineering perspective[J]. Sustainability, 2017(9): 103.

  [3] SAJA A, GOONETILLEKE A, TEO M, et al. A critical review of social resilience assessment frameworks in disaster management[J/OL]. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 2019, 35: 101096[2020-05-19]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2019.101096.

  [4] MEEROW S, NEWELL J P. Spatial planning for multifunctional green infrastructure: growing resilience in Detroit[J]. Landscape and urban planning, 2017(2): 62-75.

  [5] CUTTER S L. The landscape of disaster resilience indicators in the USA[J]. Natural hazards, 2016, 80(2): 741-758.

  [6] BERKE P R, MALECHA M L, YU S, et al. Plan integration for resilience scorecard: evaluating networks of plans in six US coastal cities[J]. Journal of environmental planning and management, 2019, 62: 901-920.

  [7] NEWMAN G, MALECHA M, YU S, et al. Integrating a resilience scorecard and landscape performance tools into a Geodesign process[J]. Landscape research, 2019(8): 1-18.

  [8] DHAR T K, KHIRFAN L. A multi-scale and multi-dimensional framework for enhancing the resilience of urban form to climate change[J]. Urban climate, 2017, 19: 72-91.

  [9] CARIOLET J-M, VUILLET M, DIAB Y. Mapping urban resilience to disasters–a review[J/OL]. Sustainable cities and society. 2019, 51: 101746.[2020-05-19]. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2019.101746.

  [10] RUS K, KILAR V, KOREN D. Resilience assessment of complex urban systems to natural disasters: a new literature review[J]. International journal of disaster risk reduction, 2018, 31: 311-330.

  [11] 倪晓露, 黎兴强. 韧性城市评价体系的三种类型及其新的发展方向[J/OL]. 国际城市规划, 2019[2020-05-19]. http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/11.5583.TU.20190909.0952.002.html.

  [12] 刘严萍, 王慧飞, 钱洪伟, 等. 城市韧性：内涵与评价体系研究[J]. 灾害学, 2019, 34(1): 8-12.

  [13] MALECHA M L, BRAND A D, BERKE P R. Spatially evaluating a network of plans and flood vulnerability using a plan integration for resilience scorecard: a case study in Feijenoord District, Rotterdam, the Netherlands[J]. Land use policy, 2018, 78: 147-157.

  [14] MASTERSON J H, BERKE P, MALECHA M, et al. Plan integration for resilience scorecard guidebook: how to spatially evaluate networks of plans to reduce hazard vulnerability[R]. The United States: Department of Homeland Security, 2017.

  [15] National Research Council. Reducing coastal risk on the east and Gulf coasts[M]. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2014.

  [16] HORNEY J, SIMON M, GRABICH S, et al. Measuring participation by socially vulnerable groups in hazard mitigation planning, Bertie County, North Carolina[J]. Journal of environmental planning and management, 2015, 58(5): 802-818.

  [17] WALKER B, SALT D. Resilience practice: building capacity to absorb disturbance and maintain function[J]. Biological conservation, 2013, 166: 132-132.

  [18] 鲁钰雯, 翟国方, 施益军, 等. 荷兰空间规划中的韧性理念及其启示[J]. 国际城市规划, 2020(1): 102-110, 117. DOI: 10.19830/j.upi.2019.059.

  [19] 邱爱军, 白玮, 关婧. 全球100 韧性城市战略编制方法探索与创新——以四川省德阳市为例[J]. 城市发展研究, 2019, 26(2): 38-44, 73.

  [20] 朱江, 邓木林, 潘安“. 三规合一”：探索空间规划的秩序和调控合力[J].城市规划, 2015, 39(1): 41-47, 97.

  [21] 桑劲, 董金柱.“ 多规合一”导向的空间治理制度演进——理论、观察与展望[J]. 城市规划, 2018, 42(4): 18-23.

  [22] KIM S, ROWE P. Are master plans effective in limiting development in China’s disaster-prone areas?[J]. Landscape and urban planning, 2013, 111: 79-90.

  [23] BERKE P, MASTERSON J, YU S, et al. Evaluating networks of plans: a plan integration for resilience scorecard[C]. Changsha: 2019 National Urban and Rural Planning Education Conference of China, 2019.

  [24] National Research Council. Disaster resilience: a national imperative[M]. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2012.

  [25] United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. Disaster Resilience Scorecard[EB/OL]. (2017-05)[2020-05-19]. https://www.unisdr.org/campaign/resilientcities/toolkit/article/disaster-resilience-scorecard-for-cities.

  [26] BERKE P, NEWMAN G, LEE J, et al. Evaluation of networks of plans and vulnerability to hazards and climate change: a resilience scorecard[J]. Journal of the American Planning Association, 2015, 81(4): 287-302.

  [27] LYLES W, STEVENS M. Plan quality evaluation 1994-2012: growth and contributions, limitations, and new directions[J]. Journal of planning education and research, 2014, 34(4): 433-450.

  [28] 赵燕菁. 论国土空间规划的基本架构[J]. 城市规划, 2019, 43(12): 17-26, 36.

  [29] 中共中央 国务院. 关于建立国土空间规划体系并监督实施的若干意见[N]. 人民日报，2019-05-24(001).

  [30] MASTERSON J, BERKE P, MALECHA M, et al. Plan integration for resilience scorecard: how to spatially evaluate networks of plans to reduce hazard vulnerability[R]. Texas A&M University: Institute for Sustainable Communities, 2017.

  [31] 自然资源部. 关于全面开展国土空间规划工作的通知[EB/OL].

  (2019-06-02)[2020-05-19]. http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-06/02/content_5396857.htm.

  [32] 陈为帮. 历史不能被割断——对于建立城市国土空间规划的一点看法[J]. 城市发展研究, 2020, 27(1): 1-3.

  [33] 石晓冬, 王吉力, 杨明. 北京城市总体规划实施评估机制的回顾与新探索[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2019(3): 66-73.

  [34] 住房和城乡建设部.《 城市综合防灾规划标准》GB/T 51327-2018[S]. 北京：中国建筑工业出版社, 2018.

  
  

• 收起