2024年第1期 DOI:10.19830/j.upi.2021.371
设计先行和混合控制 —— 旧金山区划中商业用地类型演变解析、特色和启示
Design-based Planning and Mixed Land Use Control: The Evolution Analysis, Characteristic and Enlightenment of Zoning Commercial Land Categories in San Francisco
蒋正良 张楠 罗美雪
Jiang Zhengliang, Zhang Nan, Luo Meixue
关键词:区划用地分类 ;商业用地 ;特别功能区 ;混合用地 ;城市格局 ;设计控制 ; 旧金山
Keywords:Zoning Categories; Commercial Land Use; Special Use District; Mixed Land Use; Urban Pattern, Design Control; San Francisco
摘要:
1960 年代以来,美国商业发展导致城市用地布局和空间形态产生了很大变化。旧金
山区划在引导控制商业用地发展过程中,吸收了城市设计理念,引入了多种创新措施,如
混合区、特殊区和命名区等,实现了区划用地管理与城市设计的结合。本文通过解析旧金
山现行区划中的商业用地类型并分析其演变过程,介绍历次区划商业用地类型的增补和变
更及其所依据的研究和规划,分析旧金山区划对城市设计理念的吸收及其精细化用地分类、
混合控制等策略,提出可供我国城市商业用地分类借鉴的几点启示,包括在法定规划中引
入城市设计理念,开展商业用地近期建设规划工作,尝试将城市商业用地规划“控规化”,
以及探讨增补规划用地分类的可行性等。
Abstract:
Since the 1960s, the development of American commerce has led to great changes in
urban land layout and spatial form. In the process of guiding and controlling the development of
commercial land, San Francisco’s zoning Categories has absorbed the concept of urban design and
introduced a variety of innovative measures, such as mixed land use districts, special use districts
and named districts, so as to realize the combination of zoning and urban design. This paper
initially gives a detailed review of the evolution of zoning designations in San Francisco, analyzes
its evolution process, and introduces the additions and changes of commercial zoning designation,
as well as the research and planning which support it. And then it analyzes the absorption of urban
design concept by San Francisco’s zoning, and its fine land classification, mixed control and other
strategies. Finally, it puts forward some enlightenment for the designation of urban commercial
land in China, including introducing the concept of urban design into the legal planning, carrying
out the immediate plan of commercial land, and editing the plan with reference to the regulatory
plan, and discussing the feasibility of supplementing the classification of planned land.
版权信息:
基金项目:山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2020ME216),福建省海岛与海岸带管理技术研究重点实验室开放课题(FJCIMTS2021-008),国家社科基金后期资助项目(21FYSB050)
作者简介:
蒋正良,博士,青岛理工大学,副教授 ;加州大学戴维斯分校,访问学者。13335016772@163.com
张楠,硕士,青岛理工大学
罗美雪,福建省海岛与海岸带管理技术研究重点实验室,研究员
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