张起 王思强 郑振华 黄建中
Zhang Qi, Wang Siqiang, Zheng Zhenhua, Huang Jianzhong
关键词：公共服务设施；供给端；治理；市场；社区；香港
Keywords：Public Amenities; Supply-side; Governance; Market; Neighborhood; Hong Kong
摘要：
如何通过政策调控发挥“政府—市场—社会”三方在城市基层公共服务设施供给中的协同作用是基层共建共治的核心议题，长期广受关注。开埠百余年来，香港特区不断改革基层公共服务供给模式，形成了高效、精细、特色的多元主体共治机制。本文基于文献综述和实地调研，回顾了香港环卫、康体、养老和医疗等公共产品供给模式的历史演变，总结了当前供给模式的主要特点和策略，解析了以“地区为本”的行政和规划导向、财政资助的多渠道下沉、“空间—社会”分级协同治理、社会福利的多主体供给和“疗养全周期”导向的地区医疗联网等具体举措。通过审视香港模式下治理主体、空间配置、机制保障等方面的优势和不足，本文提出了针对内地大城市基层公共服务设施供给的政策启示，包括建立稳健的专项财政保障和高效的需求反馈机制，明晰社会参与服务供给的边界和优化资源分配机制，协调空间分级与需求分级，兼顾空间集约与管理精细化以及强化相关法律和条例的引导和约束。
Abstract：
The provision of urban public amenities is one of the core issues of the “government-marketsociety”tripartite collaborative governance in urban operation. How to stimulate social capital investment and balance equity, efficiency and benefit under the macro-control and leadership of the government has received continuous attention. Over the past 100 years since the opening as a commercial port, Hong Kong has constantly reformed and improved the supply mechanism of public amenities responding social and economic development and local demand. Currently, it has established a mature and efficient supply mechanism involving multiple entities. Based on literature review and field investigation, this paper reviews the historical evolution of the supply mode of various public amenities, including sanitation, culture and sports, elderly service and health care, etc. It summaries the main characteristics of current supply patterns and strategies, including “district-based” administrative guidance, multi-channel appropriation of financial assistance, hierarchical and collaborative governance between space and society, multi-suppliers of social welfare, and hospital clusters by location for “all-round medical care”. Meanwhile, through reviewing the experience and challenges of governance entities, space configuration, supporting mechanism, this paper also provides the following policy implications for the mainland cities: establishing prudent special financial funds and efficient feedback mechanism, defining the participatory field of social entities and optimizing the allocation mechanism, integrating the hierachicalization of spatial allocation and social demand, balancing spatial intensification and meticulous management, ensuring the regulative effect of relevant laws and ordinance.