关键词：铁路用地；铁路综合开发；铁路上盖开发；基础设施都市化；上空开发权
Keywords：Railway Land; Comprehensive Development of Railway; Rail Overbuild; Infrastructure Urbanization; Air Right
摘要：
为满足高密度发展城市地区不断增长的人口与经济发展需求，解决大城市地区的土地供需矛盾，占据着城市大规模土地资源的既有铁路轨道、站场等用地上空开发权的捕获在国内外基础设施复合使用探索中逐渐成为焦点。本文在梳理轨道交通设施与城市空间关系的演变以及各类铁路综合开发的基础上，重点对涉及技术难度较高、相关利益主体较多的既有铁路用地功能保留前提下的综合上盖开发项目进行研究，以美国近期正着力推动的哈德逊站场项目、森尼塞德站场项目、费城30 号街区项目等为例，解读该类开发的发展动因、共性特征、空间组织逻辑和运行机制，进而总结推动该类项目的必要性和可行性前提要素，以期对同类既有铁路用地综合开发研究与实践提供借鉴。
Abstract：
In order to meet the demands of increasing population and economic development in high-density urban areas, and to solve the contradiction between supply and demand of land, the capture of development rights over existing railway tracks and yards, which occupy a large scale of urban land resources, has gradually become a focus of attention in the exploration of comprehensive development of infrastructure. On the basis of sorting out the evolution of the relationship between rail transit facilities and urban space, and various modes of comprehensive development over rail facilities, this paper focuses on the comprehensive development projects building above the existing rail facilities, which involves higher technical difficulty and more complex stakeholders. Based on the cases study of the Hudson yard project, Sunnyside yard project and the Philadelphia 30th street project, this paper attempts to interpret the motivation, common features, spatial organization logic and operating mechanism of such kind of developments. Furthermore, the prerequisite elements of necessity and feasibility of the mentioned project are summarized in order to provide reference for later research and practice of similar development of existing railway land.