Ren Junyu, Liu Xiyu

Keywords： Innovation Space; City Innovation; Innovation District; Kendall Square; South Lake Union; Research Triangle Park

Abstract：

Knowledge economy and science and technology innovation play more vital roles in urban development. With the industry transformation, urban renewal and innovation-driven development, we pay more attention to the development of innovation space and urban planning. “Innovation district” is put forward as a new theoretical concept and practical development path. In this paper, we summarize the evolution process, the concept and characteristics of innovation districts, and put forward the “Innovation Environment & Industry Environment & Urban Environment” model of innovation districts. Then we summarize several projects in the United States that Boston Kendall Square, Seattle South Lake Union in detail and Research Triangle Park in aspects of urban construction, policy implementation, industry development and cultural embedded. We think that the government should attract enterprises to promote science and technology industrial concentration, improve Space optimization to improve environmental quality, and encourage innovation to form the innovation ecosystem.

Funds：

• [1] FLORIDA R. Startup city: the urban shift in venture capital and high technology[M]. Toronto: Martin Prosperity Institute, 2014.
  [2] KATZ B, WAGNER J. The rise of innovation districts: a new geography of innovation in America[R]. Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings, May, 2014.
  [3] 李健, 屠启宇. 创新时代的新经济空间：美国大都市区创新城区的崛起[J]. 城市发展研究, 2015 (10): 85-91.
  [4] 石楠. 众创[J]. 城市规划, 2015 (5):1.
  [5] HACKLER D. Unlocking the potential of innovation and entrepreneurship: the role of local policy in cities[J]. Browser Download This Paper, 2012.
  [6] DAVIS A B. Innovation districts: economic development, community benefits, and the public realm[D]. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015.
  [7] VON H E. Democratizing innovation: the evolving phenomenon of user innovation[J]. Journal für Betriebswirtschaft, 2005, 55(1): 63-78.
  [8] 韦伯, 刚剑, 志人, 等. 工业区位论[M]. 商务印书馆, 2009.
  [9] 迈克尔· 波特. 国家竞争优势 [M]. 华夏出版社, 2002.
  [10] JOROFF M, FRENCHMAN D, ROJAS F. New century cities: creating extraordinary value[C]. Urban Land Institute, 2009.
  [11] PITTAWAY L, ROBERTSON M, MUNIR K, et al. Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence[J]. International journal of management reviews, 2004, 5(3-4): 137-168.
  [12] SIMMIE J. Critical surveys edited by Stephen Roper innovation and space: a critical review of the literature[J]. Regional Studies, 2005, 39(6): 789-804.
  [13] FUJITA M, THISSE J F. Economics of agglomeration: cities, industrial location, and globalization[M]. Cambridge University Press, 2013.
  [14] HUTTON T A. The new economy of the inner city[J]. Cities, 2004, 21(2): 89-108.
  [15] VAN E A. Small business perceptions in the central business district fringes of four metropolitan areas in South Africa[J]. South African Geographical Journal, 2013, 95(2): 135-148.
  [16] BUGLIARELLO G. Urban knowledge parks, knowledge cities and urban sustainability[J]. International Journal of Technology Management, 2004, 28(3-6): 388-394.
  [17] 邓智团. 创新驱动背景下城市空间的响应与布局研究——以上海为例[J]. 区域经济评论, 2014 (1): 142-146.
  [18] 屠启宇, 邓智团. 创新驱动视角下的城市功能再设计与空间再组织[J]. 科学学研究, 2011, 29(9): 1425-1434.
  [19] 郑德高, 袁海琴. 校区、园区、社区：三区融合的城市创新空间研究[J]. 国际城市规划, 2017(4): 67-75.
  [20] HANNA K. Spaces to think. innovation districts and the changing geography of London’s knowledge economy[R]. Published by Centre for London, 2016.
  [21] ASHEIM B. Innovation drivers and regional innovation strategies[M]. MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016.
  [22] LEDFORD H. Start-ups fight for a place in Boston’s biotech hub[J]. Nature, 2015, 522(7555): 138.
  [23] KIM M. Spatial qualities of innovation districts: how third places are changing the innovation ecosystem of Kendall Square[D]. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013.
  [24] 剑桥市政府官网[OL]. (2014). http://www.cambridgema.gov/CDD/Projects/.
  [25] 肯德尔广场官网[OL]. (2015).https://www.kendallsq.org/planning-anddevelopment/.
  [26] 西雅图政府官网[OL]. (2014). http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cityplanning/completeprojectslist/southlakeunion/.
  [27] TILGER S. Contesting green lifestyles in the emerald city: the urban sustainability fix to capitalism and the production of exclusion in south lake union, Seattle[R]. 2014.
  [28] 西雅图湾区域委员会官网[OL]. (2013). http://www.psrc.org/growth/centers/.
  [29] 美国城市设计协会网站[OL]. (2015-04-19). http://www.urbandesignassociates.com/innovation-districts.
  [30] 李恒. 美国大学知识创新体系的区域差异及溢出效应研究[D]. 上海: 华东师范大学, 2016.
  [31] 北卡罗来纳三角研究园网站[OL]. (2011).http://www.rtp.org/.