Fan Dongyang, Liu Jian

Keywords： Rural France; Rural Renaissance; Rural Development; Rural Revitalization; Beautiful Countryside Construction

Abstract：

During the thirty years of glorious development after World War II, when France saw rapid industrialization and urbanization driven by strong economic regeneration, its rural areas had suffered from continuous outflow and remarkable aging, which once made the whole society quite pessimistic about the future of rural France. However, since the 1970s, rural France saw a series of new figures, such as demographic growth, economic restructuring and social reconfiguration, which led to a significant transformation of the rural landscape and the urban-rural interrelationship. This article reviews the process of renaissance and restructuring of rural France in the later part of the 20th century, and summarizes its general trends: the back flow of urban population to the countryside made the rural society tend to have the same social structure as the urban society but a more serious situation of aging; Land adjustment promoted the scaled development of agriculture, while the prosperity of small- and medium-sized enterprises promoted the economic vitality of the countryside, in particular the growth of tourism, service and real estate; The demographic and industrial changes shaped a new rural territory, with its spatial organization being characterized by the concentration of employment, the dispersion of residence, and the hierarchization of services and its function being transformed from agricultural production to the integration of residence, tourism, environmental protection and landscape heritage. It argues that rural renaissance and restructuring implies the fundamental reconfiguration of the productive elements of people, industry and land and relies on an open market environment, a fair institutional environment, and a positive governmental intervention, with due attention to the role of small towns and small- and medium-sized cities. All these can serve as useful reference for the rural revitalization in China.

Funds：

• [1] 周其仁. 城乡中国[J]. 中国经济周刊, 2015(18): 81.

  [2] 温铁军. 八次危机[M]. 东方出版社, 2013.

  [3] 刘健. 基于城乡统筹的法国乡村开发建设及其规划管理[J]. 国际城市规划, 2010, 25(2): 4-10.

  [4] 赵明. 法国农村发展政策研究[D]. 中国农业科学院, 2011

  [5] 汤爽爽, 冯建喜. 法国快速城市化时期的乡村政策演变与乡村功能拓展[J]. 国际城市规划, 2017, 32(4): 104-110.

  [6] ALPHANDéRY P, BITOUN P, DUPONT Y. Champs du départ[M]. Ed. La Découverte, 1989.

  [7] KAYSER B. La renaissance rurale: sociologie des campagnes du monde occidental[M]. Paris: Armand Colin, 1990.

  [8] PISTRE P. Renouveaux des campagnes fran?aises : évolutions démographiques, dynamiques spatiales et recompositions sociales[D]. Université Paris-Diderot-Paris VII, 2012.

  [9] HOUéE P. Les politiques de développement rural: des années de croissance au temps d’incertitude[M]. 2e édition, revue et augmentée. Quae, 1996.

  [10] NICOLE M. La notion de rural et les rapports ville-campagne en France, des années cinquante aux années quatre-vingts[J]. Economie Rurale, 1990, 197: 35-41.

  [11] BRES A (sous la direction). La France des campagne a l’heure des métropoles, territoire FRUGAL[M]. Metis Presses, 2017.

  [12] KAYSER B. Naissance de nouvelles campagnes[M]. Editions de l’Aube/Datar, 1992.

  [13] BAROU J. Néo-ruraux britanniques et ruraux fran?ais[J]. Hommes & Migrations 1994, 1176: 9-14.

  [14] GEORGES P M, BOURON J B. Les territoires ruraux en France, une géographie des ruralités contemporaines[M]. Paris: Ellipses, 2015.

  [15] GARCIA F. Pouvoirs en souffrance: néo-ruraux et collectivités rurales du Pays de Sault oriental[J]. études Rurales, 1977, 65: 101-108.

  [16] CAZELLA A A. Les installations agricoles nouvelles: le cas des agriculteurs néo-ruraux dans l’Aude[J]. Espace Populations Sociétés, 2001(1/2): 101-108.

  [17] DUCHéNEAUT B. Enquête sur les PME fran?aises: identités, contextes, chiffres[M]. Editions Maxima, 1995.

  [18] CIATD. Quelle France rurale pour 2020?[M]. Etude prospective de la DATAR, 2003.

  [19] 龙花楼, 屠爽爽. 论乡村重构[J]. 地理学报, 2017, 72(4): 563-576.

  [20] GENEVIèVE G F. Villageois sans agriculteurs: observations sur les mutations rurales de notre temps[M]. Presses Universitaires de la Méditerranée, 2007.

  [21] MENDRAS H, BERMOND D. La fin des paysans[J]. L’Histoire, 1992, 154: 42-48.

  [22] 冯健. 乡村重构[M]. 商务印书馆, 2012.

  [23] 古依·鲍代尔. 中小城市——法国国土开发的催化剂[J]. 国际城市规划, 2013, 28(5): 23-28.

  [24] 刘健. 法国国土开发政策框架及其空间规划体系——特点与启发[J]. 城市规划, 2011, 35(8): 60-65.

  [25] 汤爽爽. 法国光辉30 年领土整治中的“均衡化”政策[J]. 国际城市规划, 2013, 28(3): 90-97.

  [26] 张泉. 城乡统筹下的乡村重构[M]. 中国建筑工业出版社, 2006.