大卫·萨维茨基 帕特里斯·弗兰 著 单习章 袁媛 孙瑜康 译

David S. Sawicki, Patrice Flynn

关键词：

Keywords：

摘要：

历史上，几乎没有通过建立社区层面指标来测量社区问题及制定相应政策的尝试。然而近年来GIS 技术的发展，以及社会项目向地方层面的转移，导致了技术的产生以及对这种层面指标的需求。在指标应用的历史上，有5 条经验尤为突出。（1）指标必须有明确的政策意图。（2）地理指标有特殊的作用，比目标区域指标更加重要，因为政策是通过地理单元来实施的，而且社区和城市本身也影响着人们的生活质量。（3）必须从一开始就明确区分测量社区福利的指标与测量社区居民福利的指标。（4）为了最大程度地利用指标，指标必须进行分别计算，即不要与综合指数捆在一起。（5） 在地理指标的运用方面，特别是在社区尺度上，目前尚处于初始阶段。社区层面指标刚刚开始用于制定和评价政策，以及探寻社区及其居民生活改变的原因。

Abstract：

Historically there have been very few attempts to build neighborhood-level indicators as a means of measuring neighborhood problems and designing policies to address them. However, recent developments in desktop geographic information systems, combined with the devolution of social programs to the local level, have created the technology and the need for such indicators. In the history of indicator use, five lessons for neighborhood indicators stand out. First, it is imperative that the numbers have a specific policy purpose. Second, geographic indicators play a special role, more important than that of subject area indicators, because policy is administered through geographic units and because neighborhoods and cities themselves affect the quality of people's lives. Third, one must from the outset distinguish clearly between indicators that measure neighborhood well-being and indicators that measure the well-being of neighborhood residents. Fourth, to be most useful, indicators must be unbundled, that is, not tied to an overall index. Finally, the movement to use geographic indicators, especially on the neighborhood scale, is in its infancy. Neighborhood-level indicators are just beginning to be used to make and evaluate policy, and to search for the causes of change in neighborhoods and in the lives of their residents. 

大卫· 萨维茨基（David S. Sawicki），佐治亚理工学院城市规划与公共政策领域教授 

帕特里斯· 弗兰（Patrice Flynn），美国城市研究院劳动经济学家，社区指标项目参与人

单习章，华南师范大学地理学院讲师，博士

袁媛，中山大学地理科学与规划学院

孙瑜康，中山大学地理科学与规划学院

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