胡宏 彼得· 德里森 特吉奥· 斯皮德

Hu Hong, Peter P. J. Driessen, Tejo J. M. Spit

关键词：绿色规划,空间规划,环境规划,整合

Keywords：Green Planning, Spatial Planning, Environmental Planning, Integration

摘要：

荷兰是世界上首先制定和实施绿色政策的国家之一，也是首先将空间规划与环境规划协调整合的国家之一。“整合”是当今荷兰规划政策的关键词，也是其过去有效控制城市增长及保护生态环境的核心手段。整合的字面意思为将不同的事物联系结合，使之成为一个系统。荷兰的规划整合既考虑不同规划（环境规划和空间规划）内容与目标的协调、融合、彼此兼顾，也考虑不同利益群体（政府、市场、市民社会）的平衡、协商妥协。荷兰规划整合的经验表明，绿色规划需要平衡经济、社会、环境三方面关系，而非只强调严苛的环境保护门槛，限制其他两方面的发展。否则，绿色规划便会失去公众基础和经济支撑，也就失去了可持续性。同时，绿色规划需要兼顾目标和过程，用行动计划保证实施的效率。本文概述荷兰规划整合的驱动因素和多部门协作的行政框架，总结整合从概念到实践的发展阶段；举例说明不同的规划整合政策工具在实践中的应用；然后分析规划整合的隐形保障；最后对比中国的绿色规划现状，总结荷兰经验的借鉴意义。

Abstract：

The Netherlands is one of the earliest countries to develop and implement green policies, and to integrate spatial planning with environmental planning. Today, integration acts as a key word in Dutch planning policies. It has been proved as an effective policy tool to control urban sprawl and protect ecological environment. Integration literally means the act or process of combining two or more things so that they work together as a system. Planning integration in the Netherlands considers such planning aspects as the coordination of the contents and goals between spatial planning and environmental planning, and the negotiation among different stakeholders such as governments, market and civil society. The experience of Dutch planning integration shows that, first of all, green planning needs to balance the development of economy, society and natural environment, rather than only stressing on environmental protection and confining the growth of the other two perspectives; otherwise, green planning will lose its social and financial support, and then cannot be successful. Secondly, green planning needs to take both goals and processes into account through making feasible action plans guaranteeing the efficiency of planning implementation. This article analyzes the driving force of Dutch planning integration and the administrative framework of multi-sectoral collaboration; it then summarizes the different phases of integration, from the conceptual phase to the applied phase; the different policy tools in practice for integration are illustrated, followed by the explanation of the longterm planning cycle and the municipality association both of which ensure the right direction of planning integration; finally it discusses what China can learn from the Dutch experience.

?胡宏，荷兰乌得勒支大学人文地理与规划系博士研究生

彼得德里森，荷兰乌得勒支大学创新与环境科学系，教授

特吉奥斯皮德，荷兰乌得勒支大学人文地理与规划系，教授

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