迈克尔·巴蒂

Michael Batty

关键词：智慧城市科学；信息通信技术；范式转换

Keywords：Science of Smart Cities; ICT; Paradigm Shifts

摘要：

本文初步概括了智慧城市的组成要素。智慧城市是指运用新数字技术进行协同与整合，将现代信息通信技术与城市传统基础设施有机结合起来的城市。首先，我们提出了智慧城市的7个目标：（1）发现理解城市问题的新视角；（2）高效灵活地整合城市技术；（3）不同尺度城市时空数据的模型与方法；（4）开发通信与传媒新技术；（5）开发城市管理与组织新模式；（6）定义与城市、交通、能源等相关的重大问题；（7）识别智慧城市中的风险、不确定性及灾害。为实现以上目标，我们的研究需要在六个方面有所突破：（1）通过管理、控制和优化，使智慧城市的基础设施与实际运行、前期规划更好的衔接；（2）探索城市作为创新实验室的新理念；（3）提供城市模拟技术目录，为未来设计提供指引；（4）探索更加公平合理的技术方法以实现更好的城市生活品质；（5）探索促进有效公众参与以及公众认知的民主化城市管理新技术；（6）保障更加便捷高效的人口流动性以及机会获取渠道。文章首先梳理了当前城市技术发展概况，并对智慧城市科学进行定义。我们将目前的智慧城市归纳为6种情景类型：（1）旧城的智慧型更新；（2）科技园建设；（3）围绕高新技术的科技城建设；（4）运用当前信息通信技术的城市公共服务；（5）运用信息通信技术开发新的城市智慧功能；（6）运用网络以及移动客户端开发公众参与新模式。接下来，我们提出了七类可探索的项目领域：（1）智慧城市综合数据库的建立；（2）数据采集、网络分析技术以及新社交媒体的影响；（3）网络及移动行为建模；（4）城市土地使用、交通、经济互动的建模；（5）城市劳动市场与住房市场交易活动的建模；（6）智慧城市的决策支持，如城市智能技术，公众参与式城市管理以及（7）智慧城市规划架构等。最后，我们期望通过这项研究，转变传统的城市研究范式，并进一步探索促进智慧城市科学形成和发展的关键要素。

Abstract：

Here we sketch the rudiments of what constitutes a smart city which we define as a city in which ICT is merged with traditional infrastructures, coordinated and integrated using new digital technologies. We first sketch our vision defining seven goals which concern: developing a new understanding of urban problems; effective and feasible ways to coordinate urban technologies; models and methods for using urban data across spatial and temporal scales; developing new technologies for communication and dissemination; developing new forms of urban governance and organization; defining critical problems relating to cities, transport, and energy; and identifying risk, uncertainty, and hazards in the smart city. To this, we add six research challenges: to relate the infrastructure of smart cities to their operational functioning and planning through management, control and optimization; to explore the notion of the city as a laboratory for innovation; to provide portfolios of urban simulation which inform future designs; to develop technologies that ensure equity, fairness and realize a better quality of city life; to develop technologies that ensure informed participation and create shared knowledge for democratic city governance; and to ensure greater and more effective mobility and access to opportunities for urban populations. We begin by defining the state of the art, explaining the science of smart cities. We define six scenarios based on new cities badging themselves as smart, older cities regenerating themselves as smart, the development of science parks, tech cities, and technopoles focused on high technologies, the development of urban services using contemporary ICT, the use of ICT to develop new urban intelligence functions, and the development of online and mobile forms of participation. Seven project areas are then proposed: Integrated Databases for the Smart City, Sensing, Networking and the Impact of New SocialMedia, Modelling Network Performance, Mobility and Travel Behaviour, Modelling Urban Land Use, Transport and Economic Interactions, Modelling Urban Transactional Activities in Labor and Housing Markets, Decision Support as Urban Intelligence, Participatory Governance and Planning Structures for the Smart City. Finally we anticipate the paradigm shifts that will occur in this research and define a series of key demonstrators which we believe are important to progressing a science of smart cities.

迈克尔·巴蒂，伦敦大学学院，高级空间分析中心，教授。m.batty@ucl.ac.uk，t @jmichaelbatty

赵怡婷，北京市城市规划设计研究院，工程师
龙瀛，北京市城市规划设计研究院，高级工程师

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