李珽 史懿亭 符文颖

Li Ting, Shi Yiting, Fu Wenying

关键词：TOD ；公共交通；混合用地；中国化

Keywords：TOD; Public Transit; Mix Land-use; Sinicization

摘要：

TOD 是一种以公共交通为导向的城市规划手法，提倡紧凑、混合用地布局和公共空间。在中国目前快速城市化的发展背景下，清晰地了解TOD 理论的完整内涵和价值对于解决我国当前大城市无序扩张所带来的拥挤和环境问题尤为重要。本文在回顾TOD 的概念起源及演变的基础上，对其相关概念进行了辨析，并对TOD 在演变过程中出现的几大主要类别及其特征进行归纳，最后结合中国的背景对TOD 中国化的应用方向进行了探讨，以期为中国城市未来发展提供新的发展思路。

Abstract：

TOD (Transit Oriented Development) is a technological means of urban planning oriented by public transport, advocating compact and mix land-use layout and public space. It is useful to comprehensively understand the meaning and value of TOD theory in order to solve the problem of congestion and pollution brought by the disordered expansion of big cities under the context of rapid urbanization in China. This article critically discriminates the related concepts of TOD based on the review of origin and evolution of TOD theory. It further summarizes the main category of TOD during its evolving process, analyzing the characteristic of each category. Finally, the application direction of TOD’s sinicization within the Chinese background is demonstrated, aiming to provide implications for the development of Chinese cities in the future.

李珽，广州中大城乡规划设计研究院有限公司，高级工程师
史懿亭，深圳市蕾奥城市规划设计咨询有限公司，工程师
符文颖，华南师范大学地理科学学院，副教授

• [1] 任春洋. 美国公共交通导向发展模式（TOD）的理论发展脉络分析[J]. 国际城市规划, 2010, 25(4): 92-99.
  [2] Bossard E G. Envisioning Neighborhoods with Transit-oriented Development Potential[R]. The Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose State University, 2002.
  [3] Cervero R. Transit-supportive Development in the United States : Experiences and Prospects[R]. Washington, D.C.: University of California at Berkeley, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, 1993.
  [4] 马强. 近年来北美关于“TOD”的研究进展[J]. 国外城市规划, 2003, 18(5): 45-50.
  [5] Babcock R F. The Zoning Game[M]. The University of Wisconsin Press, 1966.
  [6] Jacobs J. The Death and Life of Great American Cities[M]. New York: Random House, 1961.
  [7] Ford L R. Lynch Revisited: New Urbanism and Theories of Good City Form[J]. Cities, 1999, 16(4): 247-257.
  [8] Ellin N. Postmodern Urbanism[M]. Princeton Architectural Pr, 1999.
  [9] Katz P. The New Urbanism: Toward an Architecture of Community[M]. McGraw-Hill Professional, 1994.
  [10] Calthorpe P. The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream[M]. New York: Princeton Architecture Press, 1993.
  [11] Carlton I. Histories of Transit-oriented Development: Perspectives on the Development of the TOD Concept[R]. Institute of Urban and Regional Development, UC Berkeley, 2009.
  [12] Lefaver S. Public Land with Private Partnerships for Transit Based Development[R]. California: The Mineta Transportation Institute, San Jose State University, 1997.
  [13] Boarnet M, Crane R. LA Story: A Reality Check for Transit-based Housing[J]. Journal of the American Planning Association, 1997, 63(2): 189-204.
  [14] Salvesen D. Promoting Transit Oriented Development[J]. Urban Land, 1996, 55(7): 31-35, 87.
  [15] Still T. Transit-oriented Development: Reshaping America’s Metropolitan Landscape[J]. On Common Ground: REALTORS & Smart Growth, 2002, winter: 44-47.
  [16] Bernick M, Cervero R. Transit Villages in the 21st Century[M]. McGraw-Hill New York, 1997.
  [17] Krizek K J. Transit Supportive Home Loans: Theory, Application, and Prospects for Smart Growth[J]. Housing Policy Debate, 2003, 14(4): 657-677.
  [18] Porter D R. Transit-Focused Development: A Synthesis of Transit Practice[M]. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1997.
  [19] Ewing R. Pedestrian-and Transit-Friendly Design: A Primer for Smart Growth[M]. Smart Growth Network, 1999.
  [20] Cervero R, Hall P, Landis J. Transit Joint Development in the United States[R]. University of California at Berkeley, Institute of Urban and Regional Development, 1992.
  [21] Keefer L E. Profit Implications of Joint Development. Three Institutional Approaches[R]. Office of Planning Assistance, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, 1984.
  [22] White S M, McDaniel J B. The Zoning and Real Estate Implications of Transit-oriented Development[R]. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 1999: 1-50.
  [23] Cervero R, Ferrell C, Murphy S. Transit-oriented Development and Joint Development in the United States: A Literature Review[R]. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, 2002.
  [24] Dittmar H, Ohland G. The New Transit Town: Best Practices in Transitoriented Development[M]. Island Pr, 2004.
  [25] 田莉, 庄海波. 城市快速轨道交通建设和房地产联合开发的机制研究——以广州市为例的思考[J]. 城市规划汇刊, 1998(2): 30-34.
  [26] 陈燕萍. 城市交通问题的治本之路——公共交通社区与公共交通导向的城市土地利用形态[J]. 城市规划, 2000, 24(3): 10-14.
  [27] 王缉宪. 国外城市土地利用与交通一体规划的方法与实践[J]. 国外城市规划, 2001(1): 6-9.
  [28] 蒋谦. 国外公交导向开发研究的启示[J]. 城市规划, 2002, 26(8): 82-87.
  [29] 史懿亭, 李珽, 符文颖. 香港与深圳轨道交通站点综合开发典型案例对比分析[J]. 城市轨道交通研究, 2014(4): 5-9.
  [30] 王治, 叶霞飞. 国内外典型城市基于轨道交通的“交通引导发展”模式研究[J]. 城市轨道交通研究, 2009(5): 1-5.
  [31] 王成芳. TOD 策略在中国城市的引介历程[J]. 华中建筑, 2012(5): 9-12.
  [32] 张峰, 林立. 中国TOD 的再探讨: 基于交通出行结果的视角[C] // 转型与重构——2011 中国城市规划年会论文集. 中国城市规划学会, 2011: 6069-6079.
  [33] 陆化普, 赵晶. 适合中国城市的TOD 规划方法研究[J]. 公路工程, 2008, 33(6): 64-68.
  [34] 王祥骝, 张雅琪. 轨道运输与城市机能结合的新思维——TOD 的规划概念[J]. 都市快轨交通, 2004, 17(5): 9-12.
  [35] 陈莎, 殷广涛, 叶敏. TOD 内涵分析及实施框架[J]. 城市交通, 2008, 6(6): 57-63.
  [36] 韩连平. 基于TOD 的城市综合交通规划与城市总体规划契合研究[D]. 山东建筑大学, 2010.
  [37] 邵源, 田锋, 吕国林, 等. 深圳市TOD 规划管理与实践[J]. 城市交通, 2011, 9(2): 21, 60-66.
  [38] 管驰明, 崔功豪. 公共交通导向的中国大都市空间结构模式探析[J]. 城市规划, 2003, 27(10): 39-43.
  [39] 杨忠振, 李大洲. 公交导向发展策略及其在中国城市的应用研究[J]. 城市交通, 2004, 2(2): 15-18.
  [40] 张明, 刘菁. 适合中国城市特征的TOD 规划设计原则[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2007(1): 91-96.
  [41] 金鑫, 张艳, 陈燕萍, 等. 探索适合中国特征的TOD 开发模式——以深圳市地铁深大站站点地区TOD 开发为例[J]. 规划师, 2011, 27(10): 66-70.
  [42] 张京祥, 朱喜钢, 刘荣增. 城市竞争力、城市经营与城市规划[J]. 城市规划, 2002, 26(8): 19-22.
  [43] 张宝贤. TOD 模式在广州轨道交通中的发展——以轨道三号线和四号线为例[J]. 建设科技, 2006(13): 122-123.

• 收起