刘亦师

Liu Yishi

关键词：夏洛茨维尔；城市更新；郊区蔓延；步行街；RSVP ； 哈尔普林

Keywords：Charlottesville; Urban Renewal; Suburban Sprawl; Pedestrian Mall; RSVP; Halprin

摘要：

本文论述有着丰富历史文化资源的小镇夏洛茨维尔市主街改造的两轮规划、实施及其启示。其改造过程与美国1950—1970 年代的郊区化发展和城市更新运动相始终，并最先完整地施行了市民参与的规划方法，从一个侧面反映出美国城市更新运动的发展及其反思。1980 年代以前，美国各地的市中心兴建了200 多处步行街，但夏洛茨维尔市主街是为数不多的仍在使用、一直蓬勃发展并是该市最繁荣的地区。本文以之为例阐述重要概念如城市更新、步行街和历史保护，以及市民参与之产生、意义及其相互关联，探析劳伦斯· 哈尔普林的RSVP 规划方法及该项目的主要特征，论述规划师的社会意识和人文关怀而非仅砖瓦水泥造成的物质环境是致其成功的主要原因。

Abstract：

This paper delineates two consecutive planning schemes that changed the Main Street of Charlottesville into a pedestrian Downtown Mall and sheds light on ongoing Chinese urban revitalization. The process of planning the Downtown Mall was part of a larger American urban renewal movement starting in 1949 and a result of suburban sprawl after the 1920s. Today the Downtown Mall is one of a dozen successful pedestrian malls in the US, and has been the most vibrant and dynamic outdoor place of Charlottesville. This paper analyzes the connections among concepts such as urban renewal, mall, historic preservation, citizen participation, etc., elaborates Lawrence Halprin’s RSVP method and its application in this project, and argues against the “doctrine of salvation by bricks”.

刘亦师，博士，清华大学建筑学院讲师。liuyishi@tsinghua.edu.cn

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