刘莉文 张明

Liu Liwen, Zhang Ming

关键词：高铁；可达性；区域经济；地理信息系统；中国

Keywords：High-speed Rail; Accessibility; Regional Economy; GIS; China

摘要：

高速铁路（高铁）近年来在中国发展迅速，大幅缩短城际、省际客运交通时间，助力地方经济发展。然而目前关于高铁对全国不同区域和不同规模城市的交通和经济影响的差异性尚不明晰。本研究选取266个城市，获取2006年无高铁和2014年高铁网络基本形成的铁路出行时间和GDP数据，从两方面进行研究：其一是比较高铁开通前后266个城市的平均出行时间变化的差异；其二是应用可达性重力模型，用可达性变化来度量高铁对中国区域经济影响的差异。可达性分析在地理信息系统中完成。结果显示高铁影响的双重特性：一方面提高全国可达性的整体水平，尤其是改善西部和中小城市的可达性；另一方面，高铁因其技术特性产生“廊道效应”，有高铁城市和廊道沿线城市，其受益远高于无高铁城市，这加大了空间地域发展的不平衡。国家和省、地政府应考虑相应政策措施以减小高铁发展带来的地域差增加等负面影响。

Abstract：

High-speed Rail (HSR) systems are quickly developing throughout China. It is widely understood that HSR shrinks the national time-space geography and elevates the development of regional economy. It is less clear however how HSR has generated differentiated impacts among cities of different sizes and regions on accessibility and regional economy. The study takes a sample of 266 prefectural cities in China and obtains data on rail travel times, GDP of 2006 when there was no HSR and 2014 when national HSR trunk lines were fully in operation. The impacts are analyzed in two ways. One is to look at HSR impacts on the changes on the travel time of the 266 cities from 2006 to 2014.The other is to analyze economic potential accessibility of the 266 cities and compare their accessibility changes from 2006 to 2014. A gravity-type of accessibility model is utilized. Accessibility analysis and presentation of results is supporting by geographic information system (GIS). We draw the following conclusions: HSR services like a double-edged sword. It improves economic potential accessibility all over the country, narrows the distance of time and space. The small and medium-sized cities and the western region obtain higher increasing, which are positive effects to coordinated development across the country. At the same time, higher accessibility of gather on the cities with bigger population and the corridors of high speed rail, form a “corridor effect”. The cities with HSR benefit more than the cities without HSR, therefore HSR brings the negative influences and uneven development space. Some corresponding policies and measures should be considered by governments of different levels to reduce negative effects of the increasing regional difference because of HSR development.

刘莉文，武汉大学城市设计学院，博士研究生

张明，博士，武汉大学城市设计学院，教授

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