罗超 王国恩 孙靓雯

Luo Chao, Wang Guoen, Sun Liangwen

关键词：英国；规划体系；土地利用规划；空间规划

Keywords：The UK; Planning System; Land Use Planning; Spatial Planning

摘要：

英国作为现代城市规划的发源地，其规划体系的演进与单一制下实行地方分权的政府管理改革有着密不可分的关系。在政府、市场、社会的互动博弈下，源于解决城市卫生与工人住房问题的、以土地利用控制为核心的规划体系，其内涵与外延不断扩大——规划层级涵盖地方、区域及国家等多尺度空间，规划内容涉及土地、社会、经济、文化、环境等多重要素。英国的规划发展，见证了规划从政府土地管理工具向空间治理制度的升级，反映了英国政府应对经济全球化与可持续发展的空间治理制度创新。其集权与分权交错的改革过程，映射出不同时空背景下的相异社会诉求，体现出规划作为制度的多向性与非线性发展特征。这一背景下，规划的发展与国家体制、时代背景、社会文化等有着密切的联系，并不存在绝对的模式或统一的范式，而是一个被社会变迁推动的动态修正的过程。这对我国社会主义市场经济体制下的“多规合一”改革有着重要的启示作用。

Abstract：

As the origin of modern urban planning, planning system evolution in the UK keeps in close touch with decentralization reform in the unitary system. Accompanied by the game among government, market and society, planning which originated from solving workers’ housing and environmental problems and focused on land use control, is expanding its connotation and extension. The range of planning contains local, regional and national level, and its content covers spatial, social, economic, cultural and environmental elements. It can be seen from the development of planning in the UK that the planning has been upgraded from a governmental tool of land use control to the spatial governance regime, which shows the institutional innovation of the UK government when facing economic globalization and sustainable development. The alternative reforms of centralization and decentralization reflect the diverse social demands under different backgrounds, which illustrate the multidirectional and nonlinear developmental characteristics of planning regime. Given the characteristics, the developments of planning are closely related with the state system, historical background, social culture and etc., which means there is no common models or paradigms of planning, and the planning evolution acts as a successive correction process motivated by social changes. Realizing the nature of planning evolution brings enlightenment for China’s spatial planning reform under the socialist market economic system.

罗超，武汉大学城市设计学院，博士研究生。m201172758@hust.edu.cn

王国恩，武汉大学城市设计学院，教授，博士生导师。wwggee65@gmail.com

孙靓雯，武汉市交通规划设计有限公司，工程师。165593542@qq.com

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