郗皎如 王江波

Xi Jiaoru, Wang Jiangbo

关键词：东日本地震和海啸；灾后重建；规划实践；“自上而下”的政府推进； “自下而上”的社区共识

Keywords：The Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami; Post-disaster Reconstruction; Planning Practices; “Top-down” Approach of Governmental Enforcement; “Bottom-up” Approach of Community Consensus

摘要：

中国的灾后重建规划决策具有“以政府为主导、自上而下”的层级特点，可以统筹资源，集中力量高效推进重建工作。但研究表明，上述重建机制易导致“自上而下”的政府推进力度与“自下而上”的群体决策空间之间出现矛盾。本文以东日本地震和海啸后名取市閖上地区、岩沼市玉浦西住区的灾后重建规划实践为例，分别对“自上而下理想方案失意后的纠偏”与“自下而上民众共识基础上的顺利推进”的代表案例进行分析，明确两个案例为获取社区共识而采取的不同规划策略，形成的规划方案及其规划实施成果和评价，以期为中国的灾后重建规划平衡政府推进力与获取社区共识提供方法论方面的具体建议。

Abstract：

The decision making of the China’s post-disaster reconstruction planning featured by a “government-oriented, top-down” hierarchy, which allows for the coordination of resources and concentration of efforts to efficiently advance reconstruction work. But researches proposed that the mechanism is prone to contradiction between a strong “top-down” governmental enforcement and realization of the “bottom-up” community’s decision-making space. This paper chooses Yuriage district in Natori City and Tamauranishi district in Iwanuma City  after the Great East Japan Earthquake as typical cases, representing “the correction after the failure of a ‘top-down’ ideal planning scheme” and “the smooth progress of a planning scheme based on ‘bottom-up’ community consent” respectively. It examines the different planning measurements of acquiring community consent, planning schemes, implementation progress and evaluation, with a view to providing concrete methodological suggestions for balancing government facilitation and community consensus in post-disaster reconstruction planning in China.

郗皎如，博士，南京工业大学建筑学院，讲师，硕士生导师。daixiruster@163.com

王江波，博士，南京工业大学建筑学院，教授，硕士生导师。wjb623@163.com

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