王艺彭 王洁

Wang Yipeng, Wang Jie

关键词：农业现代化；纵向一体化；小农农业；光辉农场与合作中心；乡村主义

Keywords：Agricultural Modernization; Vertical Integration; Smallholder Agriculture; Radiant Farm and Cooperative Center; Ruralism

摘要：

农业是乡村空间形成的决定性因素之一，农业现代化对乡村规划提出了一系列新的需求。研究过往的乡村规划方案，能够为我国当今的农业和农村发展提供一定的借鉴和启示。基于这一目的，文章分析了1930—1940 年代两个面向小农农业的欧洲乡村规划方案，即勒·柯布西耶的“光辉农场和合作中心”规划和阿莫斯·埃达洛的“乡村主义”规划。文章采用文献比较和分析方法，首先研究了农业现代化发展的经典理论及其在中国的本土化，并基于以上分析陈述了选择这两个方案的缘由；进而立足当下，对两个方案的文本、设计图等具体内容展开分析与讨论，审视其中的得与失，重新挖掘可资当今中国农村发展和规划借鉴与反思之处。主要启示可以总结为：应从小农农业转化为现代化家庭农场；建设各类合作社对农户提供服务；将现代化的新要素与既有空间结构相融合；归纳地域性空间类型并进行转译。

Abstract：

Agriculture is one of the determining factors in the formation of rural spaces, and the modernization of agriculture has put forward a series of new demands on rural planning. The study of past rural planning programmes can provide some reference and insights into our present-day agricultural and rural development. With this aim in mind, the paper analyses two European rural planning schemes of the 1930s and 1940s that were oriented towards smallholder agriculture, namely Le Corbusier's “Radiant Farm and Cooperative Center” and Amos Edallo's “Ruralism”. Using comparative and analytical methods of literature, the paper first examines the classical theories of agricultural modernization and their localization in China, and based on the above analysis, states the reasons for choosing these two schemes. Based on the above analysis, the paper then analyzes and discusses the text and images of the two schemes, examines the gains and losses, and reexamines what can be learned from and reflected upon in China's rural development and planning nowadays. The key takeaways can be summarised as follows: transformation from peasants to modern family farms; construction of various types of cooperatives; integration of new elements with existing space structures; summarize and translate regional spatial types.

王艺彭，东南大学建筑学院，博士后。wangyipeng73@yeah.net

王洁，浙江大学建筑工程学院，浙江大学平衡建筑研究中心，教授、博士生导师

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