肖莹光

Xiao Yingguang

关键词：洛杉矶；空间特征；城市密度；城市蔓延；多中心；交通拥堵

Keywords：Los Angeles; Spatial Feature; Urban Density; Sprawl; Polycentric; Congestion

摘要：

洛杉矶是美国城市的典型代表之一，本文通过借鉴国外学者对洛杉矶的研究，尝试从三个角度解析洛杉矶的城市空间特征：首先分析洛杉矶的城市密度及其空间分布情况，发现其整体平均密度较高，并非我们通常认为的低密度建设的代表，而且具有中心—外围密度平缓衰减的特征；其次借鉴国外学者对“城市蔓延”的定量研究，发现洛杉矶并非蔓延最严重的城市，“多中心”更能体现洛杉矶的空间结构特征，并尝试从历史角度解析洛杉矶多中心结构的形成机制；最后分析洛杉矶的交
通拥堵情况，发现其独特的城市密度及其分布情况和多中心结构是造成交通拥堵的重要原因。

Abstract：

Los Angeles is one of the representatives of American cities. By using some foreign researches on LA for reference, this article intends to analyze the spatial feature of LA from three aspects and gets three findings. First, the population density of LA is high, not as low as usually assumed, and the decay of density from downtown to suburb is even. Second, according to many quantitative researches, LA isn’t the capital of “sprawl”, and “polycentric” is more appropriate to describe the spatial feature of LA. This article also attempts to find the historical mechanism leading to the polycentric urban form. Lastly, the serious congestion of LA is mentioned, which is due to the unique urban density and its spatial distribution.

肖莹光，硕士，中国城市规划设计研究院西部分院，高级城市规划师。xx_xiao@sina.com

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